Lytta viridana
LeConte, 1866
Viridescent Blister Beetle
Lytta viridana is a North American blister beetle in the Meloidae, occurring in mixed colonies with in the Canadian prairies and western North America. are active from late May to late June, feeding primarily on wild and cultivated legumes with occasional consumption of non-leguminous plants including cereals and sugar beets. The exhibits complex reproductive including multiple matings, multiple batches per female, and documented hybridization with L. nuttalli. Embryological development is well-studied, with eggs requiring moist soil conditions and completing development in 2-3 weeks at typical summer temperatures.
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Lytta viridana: /ˈlɪt.tə vɪˌrɪdˈæn.ə/
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Identification
Distinguished from similar Lytta by period (late May to late June, overlapping but shorter than L. nuttalli and L. cyanipennis). average 340 per batch. Hybridization with L. nuttalli documented in field. Specific external morphological diagnostic features not provided in available sources.
Habitat
Canadian prairies; near bodies of water. Oviposition requires moist, firm soil; desiccate rapidly without moisture.
Distribution
North America: Canadian prairies (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba); western United States.
Seasonality
period: late May to late June.
Diet
Wild legumes (natural food); prefers cultivated legumes when available. Also consumes non-leguminous plants: Iris, Delphinium, Brassica, sugar beets, oats, barley, and wheat.
Life Cycle
laid in moist, firm soil. Embryological development takes 2-3 weeks at 15-30°C. Eggs are large (mean 1.80 × 0.98 mm), oval, with elaborate chorionic sculpturing including aeropyles and . involves 7 nurse per follicle. Maturation includes two meiotic divisions with chromatin elimination. occurs via single sperm entry through micropyle. Cleavage is superficial and discoidal, forming syncytial that differentiates into blastoderm cells. Early embryonic development includes formation of germ band and extraembryonic ( and amnion). Larval triungulin stage and subsequent typical of Meloidae but specific details for this not documented.
Behavior
aggregate in mixed colonies with L. nuttalli and L. cyanipennis. Males and females mate multiple times. Females deposit multiple batches. Cross-mating with L. nuttalli producing hybrids observed in field. First recorded field observations of Lytta oviposition involved L. nuttalli in area with remains of leafcutter bee (Megachile sp.) nesting , suggesting possible association with nesting sites for this group.
Ecological Role
Herbivore feeding on native legumes and various crop plants. Potential agricultural pest of cultivated legumes, sugar beets, and cereal crops.
Human Relevance
Potential agricultural pest. Contains cantharidins (blistering compounds) typical of Meloidae; handling may cause skin irritation.
Similar Taxa
- Lytta nuttalliOccurs in mixed colonies, overlapping distribution, similar diet, documented hybridization in field, period extends from early June to early August (later than L. viridana)
- Lytta cyanipennisOccurs in mixed colonies, overlapping distribution, period mid-June to early July (later than L. viridana), batches average 390 eggs (larger than L. viridana)
Sources and further reading
- BugGuide
- GBIF taxonomy match
- iNaturalist taxon
- Meloidae Holdings | Entomology Research Museum
- blister beetles | Beetles In The Bush | Page 3
- Blistering beetles - Meloe spp. — Bug of the Week
- Ground nesting bees beware of blister beetles - Meloe spp. — Bug of the Week
- THE EMBRYOLOGY OF LYTTA VIRIDANA LE CONTE (COLEOPTERA: MELOIDAE): I. MATURATION, FERTILIZATION, AND CLEAVAGE
- OBSERVATIONS ON THE ONTOGENY AND HABITS OFLYTTA NUTTALLI,L.VIRIDANA, ANDL.CYANIPENNIS(COLEOPTERA: MELOIDAE): THE ADULTS AND EGGS