Philonthus cognatus

Stephens, 1832

Philonthus cognatus is a relatively large (8–11 mm) in the . to the western Palearctic, it has been to North America where it is now established in the USA and Canada. are primarily black with metallic bronze or greenish and a distinctive underside to the first antennal . The is an important of agricultural pests, particularly .

Philonthus cognatus by (c) Mick Talbot, some rights reserved (CC BY). Used under a CC-BY license.

Philonthus-cognatus-01-fws by Francisco Welter-Schultes. Used under a CC0 license.

Staphylinidae. Philonthus species. Rove Beetle. Possibly P. cognatus or P. decorus. - Flickr - gailhampshire by gailhampshire from Cradley, Malvern, U.K. Used under a CC BY 2.0 license.

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Philonthus cognatus: //fɪˈlɒnθəs kɒɡˈneɪtəs//

These audio files are automatically generated. While they are not always 100% accurate, they are a good starting point.

Identification

The underside of the first antennal is the distinguishing feature from similar Philonthus . The metallic sheen on the and profuse pitting are additional supporting characters. are larger than many (8–11 mm vs. typically smaller in related species).

Images

Appearance

are 8–11 mm long. Body is mainly black with exhibiting a metallic bronze or greenish sheen and profuse pitting. The underside of the first antennal is , contrasting sharply with the black upperside—this is a distinctive diagnostic feature. Some individuals may show variation in the intensity of metallic coloration.

Habitat

Damp soils in woodland and grassland . Collected from woodland by soil potting methods. In Britain, described as a common .

Distribution

Widespread across the UK and western Palearctic (Europe, North Africa, Turkey, Iran, Central Asia). to North America in the 19th century; currently established in Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec) and throughout the USA.

Seasonality

Two peaks in abundance: spring to early summer (March–June) and autumn (August–October). Adults present year-round. Breeding occurs in late spring to early summer.

Diet

of agricultural pests, particularly .

Life Cycle

Breeding takes place in late spring to early summer. Two or activity peaks suggested by bimodal abundance pattern.

Behavior

Possesses defensive glands producing complex chemical secretions used for defense or with antimicrobial activity. are active .

Ecological Role

Important of agricultural pests such as , contributing to in agricultural and natural .

Human Relevance

in agricultural contexts due to . Subject of sequencing research (Wellcome Sanger Institute, 2023).

Similar Taxa

Philonthus caeruleipennisSimilar size and metallic coloration, but P. caeruleipennis has -green and lacks the antennal underside characteristic of P. cognatus; also has more restricted North distribution (northeast quarter of USA and Canada)

More Details

Genome Resources

sequenced by the Darwin Tree of Life project; assembly spans 1,030.6 Mb with 12 chromosomal pseudomolecules including X and Y , and a 20.7 kb mitochondrial genome. Gene annotation identified 29,629 -coding genes.

Taxonomic Note

Authorship sometimes cited as Sharp, 1876 in some sources, but , 1832 is the accepted original authority per NCBI and modern taxonomic databases.