Four-eyed Spruce Bark Beetle

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Polygraphus rufipennis: /pɒlɪˈɡræfəs ˌruːfɪˈpɛnɪs/

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Summary

Polygraphus rufipennis, commonly known as the Four-eyed Spruce Bark Beetle, is a bark beetle found predominantly in Canada and the northern United States. It is characterized by its leaf-shaped antennae and a life cycle that adapts to climatic conditions. The species plays an essential role in forest ecosystems but can also causes damage to spruce forests, particularly when populations increase due to ideal environmental conditions.

Physical Characteristics

The antennae are distinctively leaf-shaped. Adults average 4 to 7 mm in length.

Habitat

Preferred habitat includes areas with Picea (Pinaceae).

Distribution

Most of Canada and the northern half of the U.S. south to NC, TN, SD, AZ, OR.

Diet

Wood of spruce trees (Picea), primarily during the larval stage when they create galleries in the bark.

Life Cycle

The life cycle generally varies between 1 to 3 years, with 2 years being the most common.

Reproduction

Eggs are laid in the sides of irregular, short galleries which radiate away from a central nuptial chamber.

Ecosystem Role

Plays a significant role in the decomposition of dead or weakened trees, contributing to nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems.

Economic Impact

Can cause significant damage to spruce forests, impacting timber production and ecosystem health.

Collecting Methods

• Trapping using pheromone lures
• Visual inspection of infested trees

Preservation Methods

• Freezing specimens
• Dried specimens in entomological cabinets

Similar Taxa

• Dendroctonus rufipennis
• Other Scolytinae beetles

Tags

• insect
• beetle
• bark beetle
• Polygraphus
• forest health