Phanocerus
Sharp, 1882
riffle beetles
Species Guides
1- Phanocerus clavicornis(riffle beetle)
Phanocerus is a of riffle beetles ( Elmidae) containing seven described . The genus is primarily Neotropical in distribution, with one species (Phanocerus clavicornis) extending into the . Both larval and stages are fully aquatic and inhabit running water environments.
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Phanocerus: //fæˈnoʊsərəs//
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Images
Habitat
Riffles in low-order streams with cold, clear, oxygenated water; found under rocks and in accumulated leaf litter on streambeds composed of gravel, stones, sand, and fine sediments.
Distribution
Primarily Neotropical: Colombia (widespread across departments including Antioquia, Bolívar, Caldas, Caquetá, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Putumayo, Quindío, Risaralda, Tolima, Valle del Cauca); Atlantic Rainforest streams in southeastern Brazil (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina) and northern Brazil; Nearctic: southeastern Texas, USA.
Life Cycle
Both larvae and are aquatic and occupy the same stream environment simultaneously.
Behavior
Larvae utilize spaces between streambed sediments as refugia to protect against water flow. exhibit high phenotypic plasticity in body size, with smaller larvae occurring during periods of greater rainfall and faster flow in first-order streams.