Tibial-spurs
Guides
Leia varia
Leia varia is a species of fungus gnat in the family Mycetophilidae, first described by Walker in 1848. It belongs to the subfamily Leiinae and tribe Leiini. Adults are distinguished by prominent morphological features on their legs.
Pangoniini
horse flies
Pangoniini is a tribe of horse flies (Tabanidae) within the subfamily Pangoniinae, containing some of the most morphologically primitive members of the family. Species exhibit diverse feeding strategies: some females are haematophagous (blood-feeding) while males and certain species are nectarophagous (nectar-feeding), as determined by mouthpart morphology. The tribe shows progressive evolutionary reduction in female mandibles and structural modifications of antennal and tibial characters. Australian members are predominantly low-flying insects that do not suck blood, contrasting with Chilean species that include both blood-feeding and non-blood-feeding forms.
horse-fliesTabanidaePangoniinaeprimitivesexual-dimorphismfeeding-plasticityAustraliaChilescanning-electron-microscopymouthpart-morphologymicropilositymandible-reductionantennal-segmentationtibial-spurslow-flyingnectarophagoushaematophagousEsenbeckiaProtodasyaphaVepriusEctenopsisAustroplexCaenoprosoponTherevopangonia