Global-distribution
Guides
Winthemiini
Winthemiini is a tribe of tachinid flies (family Tachinidae, subfamily Exoristinae). The tribe comprises approximately 11 genera, including the type genus Winthemia and the widespread genus Nemorilla. Members are parasitoid flies, though specific host associations remain incompletely documented for many species. The tribe has a global distribution with records spanning multiple continents.
Xiphydriidae
wood wasps, swordtail sawflies
Xiphydriidae is a family of approximately 150 species of wood wasps distributed worldwide across North and South America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and other regions. Adults are distinguished by their globose (dome-shaped) heads borne on long, slender necks, with body lengths ranging from 6–21 mm. Larvae are wood borers in dead or dying trees and branches, where they feed on symbiotic fungi rather than wood directly. The family has a fossil record extending to the mid-Cretaceous, with the oldest known fossils from this period.
Zygiella
Missing-sector Orbweb Spiders
Zygiella is a genus of orb-weaver spiders distinguished by their distinctive webs, which feature a missing sector containing a single signaling thread that leads to a tubular retreat. First described by F. O. Pickard-Cambridge in 1902, the genus underwent taxonomic revision in 2015 when Parazygiella was synonymized with Zygiella. The genus has a global distribution, with species found across Europe, North America, Asia, and introduced populations in South America and elsewhere.