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Procambarus clarkii
red swamp crayfish, Louisiana crawfish, mudbug, red swamp crawfish
Procambarus clarkii is a freshwater crayfish native to northern Mexico and the south-central United States, particularly the Mississippi Basin and Gulf Coast. It is highly adaptable to warm, slow-moving freshwater habitats including marshes, rice paddies, and irrigation systems. The species tolerates low dissolved oxygen, moderate salinity, and dry spells up to four months. It has been introduced globally and is a significant invasive pest in Europe, Africa, and Asia, where it outcompetes native crayfish and vectors crayfish plague. It is also the foundation of a major aquaculture industry, particularly in Louisiana and China.