Owlflies

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Ascalaphinae: //ˌæ.skəˈlæ.fɪ.niː//

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Summary

Ascalaphinae, also known as owlfies, is the type subfamily of the Ascalaphidae family, characterized by their split eyes and predatory larvae, predominantly found in tropical regions.

Physical Characteristics

Bizarre creatures resembling a cross between a dragonfly and a butterfly; they have prominent clubbed antennae.

Identification Tips

Key characters include wing venation and eye structure; species in Ululodes have divided eyes, while Ascaloptynx have undivided eyes.

Habitat

Worldwide, mostly tropical; in the US, mostly southern regions with known local faunas in North Carolina, Florida, and Kansas.

Distribution

Approximately 430 spp. in almost 100 genera globally; in North America with at least 8 species in 3 genera.

Diet

Larvae are voracious ambush predators, while adults are insectivores restricted to small prey.

Life Cycle

Eggs are laid on twigs; larvae lie on ground covered with debris waiting for prey; pupate in a silk cocoon in leaf litter.

Reproduction

Females lay eggs on twigs; reproduction details specific to each species may vary.

Ecosystem Role

Larvae act as ambush predators in their habitats, controlling populations of small insects.

Collecting Methods

• Netting adult owlfies during flight
• Searching under debris for larvae

Preservation Methods

• Pinning adults
• Preserving larvae in ethanol

Evolution

The first fossil record of the Ascalaphinae dates to the Miocene, indicating evolution occurred in the latter half or towards the end of the Paleogene.

Similar Taxa

• Myrmeleontidae (antlions)
• Haplogleniinae (unsplit-eyed owlflies)

Misconceptions

Often mistaken for dragonflies due to similar appearance; despite this, they are not closely related.

Tags

• Ascalaphinae
• Owlflies
• Neuroptera
• Insecta