Antlions, Lacewings, and Allies
Neuroptera
Classification
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Subphylum: Hexapoda
- Class: Insecta
- Order: Neuroptera
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Neuroptera: //nʊˈɹɒptərə//
These audio files are automatically generated. While they are not always 100% accurate, they are a good starting point.
Images
Summary
The order Neuroptera, known as net-winged insects, includes diverse predatory insects like lacewings and antlions. With around 5,500 species, they play important ecological roles and have various interactions with human culture.
Physical Characteristics
Neuropterans are soft-bodied insects characterized by large lateral compound eyes and chewing mouthparts with strong mandibles. They have four membranous wings that are generally similar in size and shape, featuring a pattern of veins. Adults undergo complete metamorphosis.
Identification Tips
Look for the membranous wings and the characteristic veining, which are not typically found in many other insect orders. They also have distinctive large eyes and certain groups possess specialized structures linking their wings during flight.
Habitat
Neuroptera can be found in a variety of terrestrial habitats, including forests, grasslands, and agricultural fields. Some larvae are aquatic, particularly in the family Sisyridae.
Distribution
Neuroptera has a global distribution with approximately 5,500 species worldwide and at least 338 species reported in specific regions like British Columbia, Canada.
Diet
Most larvae are predators, feeding on small insects such as aphids. Some adults are also predatory, while others may only consume nectar.
Life Cycle
Neuropterans undergo complete metamorphosis with distinct egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages. The larvae typically have three pairs of thoracic legs and may utilize debris for camouflage.
Reproduction
The specifics of reproduction vary among families, but it often involves mating during which females lay eggs in suitable locations to ensure optimal larval survival.
Predators
Beetles, wasps, and various lake flies can parasitize neuropteran larvae.
Ecosystem Role
Neuroptera play a significant role in ecosystems as predators of pest insects, contributing to natural pest control.
Economic Impact
Some species are used in biological control efforts against agricultural pests. However, establishing and maintaining their populations in agricultural fields can be challenging.
Cultural Significance
Certain species of Neuroptera are consumed by humans, particularly among specific cultures like the New Guinea Highland peoples, who utilize them as a protein source. They are also recognized in biological control studies.
Collecting Methods
- light traps
- netting adults
- larval sampling in habitats
Preservation Methods
- drying
- mounting specimens in display cases
- freezing for temporary storage
Evolution
Neuropterans first appeared during the Permian period, with significant diversification occurring throughout the Mesozoic era. The group includes several ancient families, notably the extinct Kalligrammatidae.
Similar Taxa
- Megaloptera (alderflies, dobsonflies)
- Raphidioptera (snakeflies)
Misconceptions
Some insects in this order may be confused with other insect groups like flies due to similar body forms, whereas their distinct wing and mouthpart structure differentiates them.
Tags
- entomology
- predatory insects
- biological control
- insect taxonomy
- ecology