Lithacodes
Packard, 1864
slug caterpillar moths
Lithacodes is a of in the , established by Packard in 1864. The genus contains approximately five described distributed in North America. of this genus exhibit the characteristic -like form typical of Limacodidae, with reduced and a broad, flattened body adapted for slow, gliding movement.
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Lithacodes: //ˈlɪθəˌkoʊdiːz//
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Identification
may be distinguished from other by genitalic and characters; -level identification often requires examination of . can be recognized by the -like form combined with specific color patterns: Lithacodes fasciola larvae have on a green background, while other species show different markings.
Images
Appearance
are small to -sized with relatively broad and compact bodies. have the distinctive -like of : body broad and flattened, reduced or modified, and achieved through a gliding motion rather than typical crawling. Specific coloration and pattern vary by .
Habitat
Associated with deciduous forests and wooded areas where plants occur. feed on leaves of various hardwood trees and shrubs.
Distribution
North America, with records from the eastern and central United States including Vermont.
Seasonality
are active during the warmer months; exact periods vary by and latitude. present during spring and summer.
Diet
feed on leaves of hardwood trees including oak (Quercus), beech (Fagus), and other . Specific associations vary among .
Host Associations
- Quercus - larval
- Fagus - larval
Life Cycle
with , , , and stages. Larvae are the feeding stage and possess stinging or urticating typical of . occurs in a .
Behavior
move with a characteristic gliding motion due to their modified body form. When disturbed, some larvae may arch their bodies or display urticating .
Ecological Role
function as on deciduous trees, contributing to and serving as for and other . Their stinging provide defense against .
Human Relevance
can deliver painful through urticating , making them a minor medical concern. The -shouldered (Lithacodes fasciola) is the most frequently encountered and is occasionally reported for its sting.
Similar Taxa
More Details
Species Diversity
The contains five described : Lithacodes fasciola, L. fiskeana, L. gracea, L. graefii, and L. fiskeanus (the latter may be a synonym or variant spelling of L. fiskeana). Lithacodes fasciola is the most widespread and commonly observed.
Taxonomic History
Established by Packard in 1864. The has remained relatively stable taxonomically, though -level synonymy and have required clarification.