Lycaena nivalis
(Boisduval, 1869)
lilac-bordered copper, nivalis copper
Lycaena nivalis is a small in the Lycaenidae, known as the lilac-bordered or nivalis copper. It inhabits the western mountains of North America. are active during mid-summer, with a period from July to mid-August. The has a wingspan of 25–29 mm. Two are recognized: L. n. nivalis and L. n. browni.



Pronunciation
How to pronounce Lycaena nivalis: /lɪˈsiːnə nɪˈvælɪs/
These audio files are automatically generated. While they are not always 100% accurate, they are a good starting point.
Identification
Distinguished from other Lycaena by combination of geographic range (western North American mountains), timing (July to mid-August), and association with plant Polygonum douglasii. The lilac-colored wing borders provide a field mark. Precise distinguishing characters from sympatric species not detailed in available sources.
Images
Appearance
Small with wingspan 25–29 mm. Upper wing surfaces -colored with lilac borders, characteristic of the . Detailed pattern elements not specified in available sources.
Habitat
Mountainous regions of western North America. Specific requirements beyond elevation not documented in available sources.
Distribution
Western mountains of North America. Presence confirmed; precise range boundaries not specified in available sources.
Seasonality
on wing from July to mid-August. No information on larval activity period or stage.
Diet
Larvae feed on Polygonum douglasii. food sources not specified in available sources.
Host Associations
- Polygonum douglasii - larval Sole documented plant for larvae
Life Cycle
Complete with , larva, pupa, and stages. Specific details on egg placement, larval instars, site, and stage not documented in available sources.
Similar Taxa
- Lycaena xanthoidesBoth are copper butterflies in western North America; L. xanthoides (great copper) is larger and has been documented in decline in California, whereas L. nivalis is smaller with distinct lilac borders
- Other Lycaena speciesShare coloration and characteristics; L. nivalis distinguished by size, wing pattern, and mountain specificity
Sources and further reading
- BugGuide
- Wikipedia
- GBIF taxonomy match
- Catalogue of Life
- Monarch Starter Set: Partnership Between a Business and the Bohart | Bug Squad
- Mary Louise Flint's Article in The Acorn: 'Butterflies in Decline' | Bug Squad
- 'Climate Change' May Be a Key Factor in Declining Butterfly Populations | Bug Squad
- Over a century later, the mystery of the Alfred Wallace’s butterfly is solved | Blog
- Grassland butterflies: important indicators of the state of nature
- The Alps are home to more than 3,000 lichens | Blog
- The synonymy, variation and biology of Lycaena nivalis