Autoplusiina

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Autoplusiina: /ˌɔːtəˈpluːsiːˈaɪnə/

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Summary

Autoplusiina is a subtribe within the Noctuidae family, characterized by variously colored adult moths and diverse larval diets, playing important ecological roles. Their larvae are known as cutworms or armyworms and can impact agriculture significantly.

Physical Characteristics

Adult Noctuidae moths often have varying shades of brown, gray, and occasionally colorful patterns, particularly in tropical species. They are characterized by a metathoracic structure called the nodular sclerite, which protects the tympanal organ from parasites. Hindwing venation is trifine due to the reduction or absence of the second medial vein (M2). Larvae are typically green or brown, pudgy, and smooth with rounded heads. Pupae range from shiny to dark brown, starting bright brownish orange.

Identification Tips

Markings on the forewings include a claviform stigma, a discal stigma, and a reniform stigma, which are important for species identification. The presence and orientation of these stigmata, along with wing crossbands or crosslines, can help distinguish species.

Habitat

Cosmopolitan, found worldwide except the Antarctic region, with many species inhabiting varied elevations and environments.

Distribution

Approximately 2,522 species in North America, 1,576 species in Europe, with additional species found worldwide.

Diet

Larvae primarily feed on plants, including some that are toxic; adults may feed on nectar and various liquid food sources. Some species engage in predation and cannibalism during the larval stage.

Life Cycle

Typically multivoltine, with species reproduction varying seasonally; some species may have only one brood (univoltine).

Reproduction

Reproductive season generally spans from spring to fall, with many species reproducing multiple times within the year.

Predators

Natural predators include various birds and other insects. Larvae have defenses such as chemical secretions and mimicry to deter predation.

Ecosystem Role

Pollinators for many plants, while caterpillars serve as herbivores and prey for other creatures.

Economic Impact

Certain species cause significant agricultural damage, particularly larvae referred to as cutworms and armyworms, leading to major economic losses in crops.

Collecting Methods

• Light trapping
• Hand collecting from host plants

Preservation Methods

• Pinning
• Freezing
• Ethanol storage

Evolution

Noctuidae, considered a controversial family within Noctuoidea, has undergone significant taxonomic revisions with molecular analysis. Traditional classifications are continually evolving.

Similar Taxa

• Erebidae
• Acontiidae
• Lymantriidae

Misconceptions

Owlet moths' larvae are often mistakenly thought to only be harmful but play significant ecological roles as well, such as pollination and serving as food for other species.

Tags

• Noctuidae
• Owlet Moths
• Lepidoptera
• Agricultural Pests
• Pollinators