Cisthene
Walker, 1854
lichen moths
Cisthene is a of lichen in the Erebidae, erected by Francis Walker in 1854. in this genus are known to produce acoustic warning signals that deter bat , a termed . Research on Cisthene martini has demonstrated this phenomenon occurs in natural , not just laboratory settings. Some species exhibit reduced evasive behavior when approached by bats, suggesting reliance on sound-based defense.
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Cisthene: //ˈsɪs.θəniː//
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Images
Distribution
Records from Vermont, United States; broader distribution across North America implied by occurrence data.
Behavior
in this produce ultrasonic clicks when approached by echolocating bats. Cisthene martini has been observed emitting these acoustic warning signals in natural as a defense mechanism. Some individuals exhibit reduced or absent evasive diving maneuvers when bats approach, suggesting variable reliance on versus escape.
More Details
Acoustic Aposematism Research
Cisthene martini was studied by researchers at Wake Forest University to confirm —the use of sound to warn of unpalatability—occurs in nature. This was the first field demonstration of the , previously known only from laboratory studies. The research also identified a 'nonchalance continuum' where some individuals rely on warning sounds rather than evasive .