Cosmocomoidea

Howard, 1908

Cosmocomoidea is a of () established by Howard in 1908. within this genus are solitary primarily associated with (: Cicadellinae), which are of including Xylella fastidiosa. The genus has been documented from Asia (China, Taiwan, Japan, India), Europe (Denmark, Sweden), and South America, with C. annulicornis being the most extensively studied species due to its potential as a agent.

Cosmocomoidea ashmeadi by no rights reserved, uploaded by Jesse Rorabaugh. Used under a CC0 license.Cosmocomoidea ashmeadi by (c) Victor Engel, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Victor Engel. Used under a CC-BY license.Cosmocomoidea morrilli by the Smithsonian. Used under a CC0 license.

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Cosmocomoidea: /ˈkɔz.moˌkoɪ.di.a/

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Habitat

have been recorded from kiwifruit orchards, organic vineyards, and commercial citrus orchards. The is associated with agricultural and semi-natural environments where occur on diverse substrates including citrus, johnsongrass, and grapevines.

Distribution

Recorded from Asia (mainland China: Fujian; Taiwan; Japan: Yamanashi Prefecture, Honshu Island; India), Europe (Denmark, Sweden), and South America. Distribution is likely broader but undersampled due to small size and specialized requirements.

Host Associations

  • Bothrogonia ferruginea - : : Cicadellinae; apparent based on rearing from kiwifruit leaves
  • Kolla paulula - : : Cicadellinae
  • Tapajosa rubromarginata - : ; primary studied of C. annulicornis, of Citrus

Life Cycle

Solitary development. In C. annulicornis, success and developmental time vary with egg age, with sharply decreasing parasitism in older host eggs and shorter developmental times for hosts 120–144 hours old. of the host begins approximately 48 hours after .

Behavior

Females use volatile chemical cues to locate at long range, detecting common volatiles such as indole and β-caryophyllene emitted by taxonomically distant host plants after damage. do not discriminate between fresh and older host eggs based on olfactory cues alone, nor between healthy eggs and those previously parasitized by . Final decisions likely involve more specific contact cues once on the plant.

Ecological Role

agent of , which are of Xylella fastidiosa and other causing economically important in citrus, grapevines, and other .

Human Relevance

in this , particularly C. annulicornis, have been evaluated for programs targeting of in citrus orchards and vineyards.

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