Pinophilus

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Pinophilus: //pɪˈnoʊfɪləs//

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Summary

Pinophilus is a distinct genus within the family Staphylinidae, known for its presence in eastern and southern United States but not prevalent in Europe and Australasia. It also includes the edible mushroom Boletus pinophilus, valued in culinary uses.

Physical Characteristics

The fruiting body features a convex-shaped cap, which is initially smaller than its stipe, and expands as it matures. The cap skin is dry and matte, ranging in color from maroon to chocolate brown with a reddish tint. The stipe is bulbous, thick, and carries a coarse orange-red reticulation pattern. The cap can reach diameters of up to 40 cm (16 in) and the stem can be as tall as 25 cm (10 in).

Identification Tips

Distinguished from relatives such as Boletus edulis by its thicker, gelatinous cap and large stipe with coarse reticulation. The young cap may bear a pale pink coloration with a white powdery flush.

Habitat

Prefers coniferous forests, particularly in sandy, acidic, poor soils. It can be found under various tree species including pine, European silver fir, and European spruce, but also in deciduous forests under species like chestnut, oak, and beech.

Distribution

Found across Europe and western Asia, including Britain, southern France, and parts of Russia and Ukraine. It has also been located in eastern North America and is associated with exotic pine plantations.

Conservation Status

Considered vulnerable in the Czech Republic.

Ecosystem Role

Forms ectomycorrhizal relationships with various trees, aiding in nutrient exchange between the fungus and host trees.

Economic Impact

Highly regarded as an edible mushroom, particularly in Southern Europe, and commercially collected in Italy and Turkey.

Cultural Significance

Regarded as a delicacy in various cuisines, especially in regions like Italy, Spain, and Portugal.

Health Concerns

Known to bioaccumulate heavy metals like mercury, cadmium, and selenium; it's recommended to avoid mushrooms from polluted areas.

Preservation Methods

• Drying
• Cooking

Evolution

Taxonomically refined over time, it was previously classified as a variety of other species until genetic studies confirmed its distinct status.

Similar Taxa

• Boletus edulis
• Boletus aereus
• Boletus reticulatus
• Boletus rex-veris

Misconceptions

Easily confused with the porcini mushroom (Boletus edulis) due to similar appearance and habitat.

Tags

• Pinophilus
• Coleoptera
• Staphylinidae
• Boletus pinophilus
• edible mushrooms