Pinophilini

Nordmann, 1837

Pinophilini is a tribe of in the , . The tribe is divided into two subtribes: Pinophilina and Procirrina. The subtribe Procirrina contains eight extant with approximately 764 . The oldest known fossil representative is †Cretoprocirrus trichotos from Upper Burmese amber (ca. 99 Ma), extending the fossil record of this tribe back from the previously known Cenozoic occurrences.

Palaminus by (c) Trevor Van Loon, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Trevor Van Loon. Used under a CC-BY license.Palaminus by (c) Trevor Van Loon, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Trevor Van Loon. Used under a CC-BY license.

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Pinophilini: //pɪnəˈfɪlɪni//

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Identification

Pinophilini is distinguished from other tribes in by morphological characters that support its consistent recovery as in phylogenetic analyses. The subtribe Procirrina is characterized by features that allow unambiguous placement of fossil specimens such as †Cretoprocirrus. Specific diagnostic characters for the tribe as a whole are not detailed in available sources.

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Habitat

Members of the subtribe Procirrina are found in leaf litter, on bushes and trees, and in caves. These associations apply to extant ; the paleohabitat of the fossil †Cretoprocirrus is inferred from amber preservation in forest environments.

Distribution

Predominantly tropical and subtropical distribution. The eight extant of Procirrina show disjunct Old World-New World distributions, particularly in the -rich genera Palaminus and Oedichirus. Fossil evidence includes Cenozoic compression fossils from the Green River Formation (50.3–46.2 Ma) and Miocene ambers from Dominican Republic (20.43–13.65 Ma) and Mexico (20–15 Ma), plus Upper Burmese amber (ca. 99 Ma) for †Cretoprocirrus.

Similar Taxa

  • Other Paederinae tribesPinophilini is one of four tribes in the ; distinguished by morphological that consistently support its in phylogenetic analyses.

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Fossil record significance

†Cretoprocirrus trichotos represents the oldest known fossil of Pinophilini and the second of described from Burmese amber, providing important insights into the evolutionary of the .

Phylogenetic placement

Bayesian inference and analyses of morphological data unambiguously place †Cretoprocirrus in the subtribe Procirrina.

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Sources and further reading