Altica chalybea
Illiger, 1807
Grape Flea Beetle, Grape Steely Beetle
Altica chalybea, commonly known as the grape flea beetle or grape steely , is a North American leaf beetle in the Chrysomelidae. The is recognized by its small bluish-green metallic coloration and reflective appearance. It is a documented pest of cultivated grape vines, where feed on buds and cause measurable reduction in vegetative growth. The species is distributed across North America and the Caribbean.
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Altica chalybea: //ˈæl.tɪ.kə kəˈlɪ.bɪə//
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Identification
The combination of small size, bluish-green metallic coloration, and association with grape vines (Vitis spp.) provides strong field identification. The reflective, 'steely' appearance is particularly distinctive and referenced in the . Separation from other Altica requires close examination; A. subplicata in Missouri is associated with willow rather than grape, and lacks the pronounced bluish-green metallic sheen.
Images
Appearance
Small with bluish-green metallic coloration. The and body surface exhibit a reflective, steely sheen, which gives rise to the 'grape steely beetle.' Body size is typical for the Altica, with measuring approximately 3–5 mm in length. The overall form is compact and rounded, consistent with flea beetle .
Habitat
Associated with grape and wild Vitis . Found in vineyards, riparian corridors with wild grape, and other settings where plants occur. No specific microhabitat requirements beyond host presence have been documented.
Distribution
North America and Caribbean. Present in grape-growing regions of the United States and Canada, with records extending to Caribbean islands.
Diet
consume buds of grape vines (Vitis spp.), causing damage to developing vegetative and reproductive structures. Larval feeding habits are not explicitly documented in available sources.
Host Associations
- Vitis - primary Grape vines; feed on buds
Life Cycle
are active and cause damage during the growing season. Specific details regarding , larval, and pupal stages, , and voltinism are not documented in available sources.
Behavior
have been observed feeding on grape buds. The exhibits the jumping ability typical of flea beetles ( Altica), enabled by enlarged metafemora. No other specific are documented.
Ecological Role
Herbivore and documented agricultural pest. Feeding damage to grape buds reduces vegetative growth and potentially impacts fruit production.
Human Relevance
Recognized pest of cultivated grapes. Economic impact stems from bud damage that reduces vine productivity. Management in commercial vineyards may involve monitoring and control measures during bud break.
Similar Taxa
- Altica subplicataOccurs in same region (Missouri); distinguished by willow association and lack of pronounced bluish-green metallic sheen
- Other Altica speciesMany Altica share flea beetle and metallic coloration; plant association and specific color tone provide separation
More Details
Common name origin
The name 'grape steely ' derives from the reflective, metallic appearance of the , a trait noted in many Chrysomelidae but particularly pronounced in this .