Harpalus affinis

Ballion, 1878

Metallic Harpalus

Harpalus affinis is a to the Palearctic region, with established in North America and New Zealand. measure 8.5–12 mm and display distinctive metallic bronze, green, or reflections on an otherwise black body. The species has been documented as part of ground beetle in agricultural systems, where it responds positively to reduced-tillage practices. Larval development spans approximately three months, with newly hatched emerging in mid-May.

Harpalus affinis 0 by B.K.H. Schnebele. Used under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license.Harpalus affinis LRNZ by Birgit E. Rhode, Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd.. Used under a CC BY 4.0 license.Harpalus affinis (15006124020) by Donald Hobern from Copenhagen, Denmark. Used under a CC BY 2.0 license.

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Harpalus affinis: /ˈhar.pa.lus əˈfɪ.nɪs/

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Distribution

to the from Europe through Siberia. and established in North America (present in Canadian provinces from British Columbia to the Maritimes, and the United States) and New Zealand (first recorded mid-to-late 1970s). In Europe, absent from numerous islands and small territories including the Azores, Canary Islands, Channel Islands, Crete, Cyclades, Dodecanese, Faroe Islands, Franz Josef Land, Gibraltar, Iceland, Madeira, Malta, Monaco, North Aegean islands, Novaya Zemlya, San Marino, Savage Islands, Sicily, Svalbard and Jan Mayen, and Vatican City. Presence on the Balearic Islands and Sardinia is uncertain.

Seasonality

Larval hatching occurs in mid-May.

Life Cycle

Newly hatched measure 4 mm with orange and dark grey abdominal tips. Second larvae reach approximately 10 mm, with large dark orange , head, and ; light grey. Legs possess large orange . Developmental period lasts three months.

Human Relevance

Has been documented in studies of diversity in agricultural systems, where strip tillage practices were found to be less disruptive to compared to plasticulture production.

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