Toxotrypana
Guides
Trypetinae
Trypetinae is a subfamily of tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) comprising seven tribes and approximately 1,000 described species. The subfamily includes economically significant pest genera such as Anastrepha, Rhagoletis, and Toxotrypana, as well as numerous non-pest species. Members are characterized by their association with fruit and plant tissues, with larvae typically developing in fruits, seeds, or stems. The group has a cosmopolitan distribution with highest diversity in tropical and subtropical regions.