Stammerula
Guides
Tephritinae
Tephritinae is a subfamily of tephritid fruit flies comprising approximately 2,000 described species across 11 recognized tribes and several unplaced genera. Members are predominantly non-frugivorous, with many species specialized on flowerheads of Asteraceae. The subfamily exhibits a global distribution and is notable for widespread associations with co-evolved bacterial symbionts of the genus Candidatus Stammerula.