Solitary-wasp-parasitoid
Guides
Chrysis antennalis
Chrysis antennalis is a species of cuckoo wasp in the family Chrysididae, described by Rosen & DeBach in 1979. Like other members of the genus Chrysis, this species is a kleptoparasite that lays eggs in the nests of other solitary wasps and bees. The larvae consume the provisions intended for the host's offspring.
Toxophorinae
bee flies
Toxophorinae is a subfamily of bee flies (Bombyliidae) established by Schiner in 1868, comprising more than 400 described species across five extant genera (Dolichomyia, Geron, Systropus, Toxophora, Zaclava) and two extinct genera (Melanderella, Paradolichomyia). The subfamily is characterized by parasitoid life histories, with larvae developing in the nests of solitary wasps. Species of Toxophora have been documented as parasitoids of sphecid and vespid wasps, including genera such as Isodontia, Cyphomenes, Pachodynerus, and Zethus.