Sex-biased-parasitism
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Enallagma boreale
Boreal Bluet
Enallagma boreale, commonly known as the boreal bluet, is a damselfly species in the family Coenagrionidae. It is native to North America and has been long-established in western Canada, particularly in Saskatchewan and Alberta. Research has focused on its parasite-host relationships with gregarines and water mites, revealing sex-biased parasitism patterns where males typically show higher parasite prevalence than females. The species co-occurs with the range-expanding Enallagma clausum, and appears to experience ecological release from parasites when the novel host is present.