Nomia-melanderi
Guides
Heterostylum robustum
bomber fly
Heterostylum robustum is a parasitic bee fly (Diptera: Bombyliidae) commonly known as the bomber fly. It is a significant parasitoid of ground-nesting bees, particularly the alkali bee Nomia melanderi, an important pollinator of alfalfa in western North America. The species exhibits sexual dimorphism and has a complex life cycle involving active larval host-seeking behavior and overwintering underground. Its parasitic strategy involves launching eggs into host nests rather than direct contact with hosts.