Lichen-feeding
Guides
Helopini
darkling beetles
Helopini is a tribe of darkling beetles within the family Tenebrionidae, containing at least 50 genera. Members are distributed across diverse habitats from lowlands to high-altitude areas, including cold environments. Several species have been documented feeding on lichens, with some showing specialized associations with particular lichen families. The tribe includes both native and introduced species, with some taxa demonstrating cold-adaptation mechanisms including antifreeze proteins.