Flavonol-glycosides
Guides
Phyllotreta armoraciae
Horseradish Flea Beetle
Phyllotreta armoraciae is a monophagous flea beetle specialized on horseradish (Armoracia rusticana). Research has identified its unique feeding chemistry: the beetle requires synergistic combinations of glucosinolates and flavonol glycosides (specifically kaempferol 3-O-xylosylgalactoside and quercetin 3-O-xylosylgalactoside) for feeding stimulation, marking the first documented case of a crucifer-feeding insect using non-glucosinolate allelochemicals as feeding stimulants. Two subspecies are recognized: P. a. armoraciae and P. a. biplagiata.