Case-making-larva
Guides
Coptodisca lucifluella
walnut shield bearer
Coptodisca lucifluella is a small leaf-mining moth in the family Heliozelidae, native to eastern North America and invasive in Europe since 2010. Larvae create distinctive blotch-shaped mines on walnut and hickory foliage, then construct oval silk-attached cases for pupation. The species has undergone a documented host shift in Europe, expanding from its native specialization on Carya (pecan) to primarily exploiting Juglans regia (common walnut) and occasionally other Juglandaceae. It completes 3–4 generations annually in Italy, with autumn generations producing substantially more mines than spring generations.
Psilotreta rufa
mortarjoint casemaker
Psilotreta rufa is a species of caddisfly (order Trichoptera) in the family Odontoceridae, commonly known as the mortarjoint casemakers. The species was described by Hagen in 1861. Like other members of its family, larvae construct distinctive case coverings using mineral materials. The species occurs in North America, though specific ecological details remain poorly documented in available literature.