Polydesmus

Classification

Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda
Class: Diplopoda
Order: Polydesmida
Family: Polydesmidae
Genus: Polydesmus

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Polydesmus: /ˌpɒlɪˈdɛzməs/

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Summary

Polydesmus is a genus of adventive millipedes belonging to the family Polydesmidae, known for their flattened bodies and significant role in decomposing organic matter in various ecosystems.

Physical Characteristics

Polydesmus species are characterized by their elongated bodies and numerous segments, typically showing a distinctive flattening and a range of colors from brown to black. They possess two pairs of legs per body segment, a typical trait of millipedes.

Identification Tips

Look for the flattened body shape and the presence of two pairs of legs per segment. The overall size can vary, but they generally measure between 5 to 30 mm in length.

Habitat

Polydesmus species are typically found in damp environments such as leaf litter, under stones or logs, and in soil rich in organic matter.

Distribution

The genus is represented by approximately 14 species in specific areas, with around 180 species documented globally.

Diet

Polydesmus feeds primarily on decaying plant material, such as leaf litter and decomposing wood, playing an important role in the decomposition process.

Life Cycle

Polydesmus exhibits a simple life cycle with distinct juvenile stages that resemble smaller adults, undergoing molts as they grow.

Reproduction

Mating occurs through a process called courtship, where males may present spermatophores to females. After mating, females lay eggs in damp substrates.

Predators

Natural predators include birds, mammals, and various invertebrates such as centipedes and predatory insects.

Ecosystem Role

As detritivores, Polydesmus species contribute to soil health and nutrient cycling through the decomposition of organic matter.

Collecting Methods

Hand collection from leaf litter
Using pitfall traps
Searching under logs and stones

Preservation Methods

Ethanol preservation
Drying and mounting
Cold storage for living specimens

Similar Taxa

Misconceptions

Millipedes, including Polydesmus, are often confused with centipedes. However, millipedes have two pairs of legs per body segment while centipedes have one.