Tynommatidae

Tynommatidae can be distinguished from other Callipodida families by its North American distribution and the morphological characters that warranted its elevation from subfamily to family rank. The family was historically grouped with Schizopetalidae but separated based on distinct morphological features. Specific diagnostic characters for the family require examination of gonopod structure and other adult morphological traits typical of the order Callipodida.

Records indicate presence in arid and semi-arid regions of western North America, including desert and montane environments in Arizona, California, and Baja California, as well as higher elevation areas in Chihuahua and Durango, Mexico.

Western North America, including the southwestern United States (Arizona, California) and northern Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Baja California).

As with other millipede families, members likely function as detritivores in their habitats, contributing to decomposition and nutrient cycling in soil and leaf litter communities.

• SchizopetalidaeTynommatidae was formerly classified as a subfamily (Tynommatinae) within Schizopetalidae; the two share historical taxonomic treatment and morphological similarities that required detailed examination to separate at family rank.

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