Tapinomini
Emery, 1913
Tapinomini is a tribe within the , established by Emery in 1913. The tribe comprises seven , including six extant genera (Aptinoma, Axinidris, Ecphorella, Liometopum, Tapinoma, Technomyrmex) and one extinct genus (†Ctenobethylus). These ants are characterized by features associated with the Dolichoderinae, including the absence of a and the use of chemical defenses. The genus Tapinoma, which gives the tribe its name, includes several widespread and economically significant .
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Tapinomini: /ˌtæpɪˈnɒmɪnaɪ/
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Identification
Tapinomini can be distinguished from other tribes primarily by genitalic and skeletal characters used in phylogenetic . The tribe lacks the extreme morphological specializations seen in some other dolichoderine tribes. Members of this tribe generally lack a functional , instead possessing a reduced sting apparatus and relying on defensive secretions from the gland. Generic-level identification requires examination of mandibular , petiolar node shape, and antennal segmentation.
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Distribution
The tribe has a global distribution spanning multiple biogeographic regions. Individual show distinct patterns: Tapinoma is nearly , Technomyrmex is widespread in the Old World tropics and subtropics, Liometopum occurs in North America and Eurasia, Axinidris is restricted to sub-Saharan Africa, Ecphorella is known from Madagascar and the Seychelles, and Aptinoma is to Madagascar. The extinct genus †Ctenobethylus is known from Eocene Baltic amber.
Human Relevance
Several in this tribe have significant interactions with humans. The odorous house (Tapinoma ) is a major household pest in North America. Tapinoma melanocephalum, the ghost ant, is a widespread tramp species that invades buildings in tropical and subtropical regions. Technomyrmex species, particularly T. albipes, are emerging pests in many parts of the world. Liometopum ants are known to tend and , occasionally becoming agricultural nuisances.
Similar Taxa
- LeptomyrmeciniAnother tribe in ; Leptomyrmecini contains primarily Australasian with more specialized and often elongated bodies, whereas Tapinomini has broader geographic distribution and more generalized body plans.
- IridomyrmeciniHistorically included many now placed in Tapinomini; modern separates these based on male and other skeletal characters, with Iridomyrmecini now restricted primarily to the genus Iridomyrmex and allies in Australasia.
More Details
Taxonomic History
The of tribes has undergone significant revision. Many now in Tapinomini were formerly placed in Iridomyrmecini. The current tribal boundaries were established primarily through phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters, particularly male and petiolar structure.