Pentatominae

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Pentatominae: /pɛnˌtætoʊˈmaɪnaɪ/

These audio files are automatically generated. While they are not always 100% accurate, they are a good starting point.

Images

Summary

Pentatominae is the largest subfamily within the family Pentatomidae, consisting of over 4,900 described species. These shield bugs are predominantly phytophagous and some species are economically significant as pests in agriculture.

Physical Characteristics

Pentatominae species exhibit a shield-like body shape, often with a distinctive color pattern or markings, which can vary widely among species. They typically have sucking mouthparts adapted for feeding on plant tissues.

Identification Tips

Look for flattened, oval bodies with a characteristic shield shape. Many species also exhibit vibrant colors or particular markings that can help in distinguishing between closely related species.

Habitat

Pentatominae are typically found in a variety of habitats, including agricultural fields, forests, and gardens, as they are associated with host plants for feeding and reproduction.

Distribution

Holds a widespread distribution, with >3,300 species found in ca. 620 genera globally. In specific regions, over 160 species are represented within approximately 40 genera.

Diet

Species within the Pentatominae subfamily are phytophages, primarily feeding on plant juices and tissues.

Life Cycle

Like other Hemiptera, the life cycle includes an egg stage, multiple nymphal stages, and an adult stage, undergoing incomplete metamorphosis.

Reproduction

Pentatomines reproduce sexually, laying eggs often in clusters on host plants, which the nymphs will emerge from and continue their development.

Predators

Natural predators include birds, other insects, and some parasitoids that feed on their larval stages.

Ecosystem Role

Pentatominae play an important role in ecosystems as herbivores, influencing plant community structure and serving as prey for various predators.

Economic Impact

Several species are considered agricultural pests, affecting crops and causing economic losses; notable invasive species include Halyomorpha halys and Bagrada hilaris.

Collecting Methods

• Sweep netting
• Light trapping
• Hand collecting

Preservation Methods

• Ethanol preservation
• Pinning
• Drying specimens

Evolution

The higher systematics of the Pentatominae group have undergone revisions, indicating an ongoing evolution and diversification within this subfamily.

Similar Taxa

• Pentatomidae
• Scutelleridae
• Lygaeidae

Misconceptions

Some species are erroneously thought to be more dangerous or harmful than they truly are, as they are primarily plant-feeders and do not pose direct harm to humans.

Tags

• pentatomids
• shield bugs
• agricultural pests
• invasive species