Toad Bugs

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Gelastocoridae: //d͡ʒɛˌlæstəkəˈrɪdiː//

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Summary

The Gelastocoridae, commonly known as toad bugs, is a family of about 100 species of insects that exhibit toad-like features and behavior. They are primarily found in riparian habitats and are significant predators in these ecosystems.

Physical Characteristics

Short and stout, typically 6-15 mm in length, with large protuberant eyes and cryptic coloration that can change to match their habitat. They possess hemelytra for their forewings and piercing-sucking mouthparts. Antennae are hidden.

Identification Tips

Look for stout bodies, large eyes, and the ability to blend into environments. Their jumping movements and warty appearance are reminiscent of toads.

Habitat

Primarily found along the margins of streams, ponds, and lakes, although some species (particularly Nerthra) can be found far from water.

Distribution

Worldwide distribution; highest diversity in tropical regions. Gelastocoris is found in the New World, while Nerthra is more common in the Old World.

Diet

Predatory, primarily feeding on small insects that they capture by leaping on them and using modified front legs.

Life Cycle

Adults lay eggs in sand; nymphs frequently cover themselves with sand grains for camouflage.

Ecosystem Role

Important as predators of small insects in riparian ecosystems, contributing to the control of pest populations.

Collecting Methods

• Net sweeping near water bodies
• Hand collecting from vegetation

Preservation Methods

• Ethanol preservation
• Pinned specimens for taxonomic study

Evolution

The family Gelastocoridae shows a record extending back to at least the Aptian period with fossils identified in Burmese amber associated with both extant genera.

Similar Taxa

• Nepidae
• Corixidae

Tags

• insects
• toad bugs
• Gelastocoridae
• predators
• riparian