Marsh Crane Fly

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Tipula oleracea: /tɪˈpjuːlə oʊləˈreɪʃiə/

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Summary

Tipula oleracea, commonly known as the Marsh Crane Fly, is a species of crane fly found primarily in the Palaearctic region and introduced to certain parts of the Nearctic. It has a significant ecological role and can impact agriculture as its larvae feed on plant roots.

Physical Characteristics

Adults: 2.5-3.0 cm long, pupae 3.0-3.5 cm, mature larvae 3-4 cm and eggs 1.0 x 0.5 mm. Generally a greyish species, abdomen may be ferruginous with blackish median and/or lateral longitudinal stripes. Wing length is 18–28 mm. 13-segmented antennae.

Identification Tips

Male tergite 9 has a short median projection, roundly bifurcated at the apex. Female wings reach the tip of the abdomen.

Habitat

Wet meadows, gardens, and cultural areas with loose, moist soil.

Distribution

Found throughout Europe, except for Finland and Latvia. Also found in parts of North America, specifically from British Columbia to California and from Michigan to New York. Introduced in Ecuador.

Diet

Larvae feed on decaying vegetable matter and delicate roots; adults feed only on liquid foods such as nectar.

Life Cycle

Eggs hatch after about 15 days. Larvae develop through four instars over about four months. The entire life cycle from egg to adult takes up to eight months.

Reproduction

Female can lay up to 1200 eggs, typically in loose, moist soil. Larvae can live in high densities, causing crop damage.

Ecosystem Role

As larvae, they can affect plant roots and can cause crop damage. Adults serve as pollinators due to their feeding habits.

Economic Impact

Mass attacks by larvae can damage crops such as cabbage.

Tags

• Tipula oleracea
• Marsh Crane Fly
• Diptera
• Tipulidae
• invasive species