Phrenapatinae

Solier, 1834

darkling beetles

Genus Guides

Phrenapatinae is a of darkling beetles (Tenebrionidae) containing more than 20 arranged into 3 tribes. Members are distributed across multiple continents, including the Neotropics, Afrotropics, and Indo-Pacific regions. At least some genera exhibit specialized , such as subsocial colony living in dead wood with modified reproductive .

Clamoris americana (10.3897-zookeys.728.20602) Figure 6 by Bousquet Y, Thomas DB, Bouchard P, Smith AD, Aalbu RL, Johnston AM, Steiner WE Jr (2018) Catalogue of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) of North America. ZooKeys 728: 1-455. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.728.20602. Used under a CC BY 4.0 license.

Dioedus punctatus (10.3897-zookeys.728.20602) Figure 7 by Bousquet Y, Thomas DB, Bouchard P, Smith AD, Aalbu RL, Johnston AM, Steiner WE Jr (2018) Catalogue of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) of North America. ZooKeys 728: 1-455. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.728.20602. Used under a CC BY 4.0 license.

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Phrenapatinae: /ˌfrɛnəpəˈtaɪniː/

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Images

Habitat

Dead wood; at least Phrenapates is known to inhabit subsocial colonies inside dead wood.

Distribution

Neotropical region (Central and South America, including Panama); Afrotropical region (Southern Africa); trans-Pacific and Indian Ocean regions ( Archaeoglenes).

Life Cycle

Subsocial colonies inside dead wood have been documented in Phrenapates.

Behavior

Subsocial colony living has been observed in Phrenapates.

More Details

Reproductive morphology

Female Phrenapates uniquely lack well-sclerotized ovipositors among Tenebrionidae, retaining only coxite 4 and paraproct for oviposition. This reduction is potentially attributed to their subsocial in dead wood, where may not need to be injected into substrate.