Procas
Stephens, 1831
Procas is a Holarctic of (: Erirhinidae) established by in 1831. The genus comprises six recognized distributed across the western Palaearctic (four species), eastern Palaearctic (one species), and Nearctic (one species). Species-level identification relies partly on male 8 characters, a technique first applied to this genus in a 2004 revision. Recent taxonomic work has clarified synonymies and restored related genera Notodermus and Apachiscelus from synonymy with Procas.
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Procas: //ˈproʊ.kæs//
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Identification
within Procas are separated using morphological characters including features of male 8, which was first employed at species level for this in the 2004 revision by Alonso-Zarazaga. The genus has been historically confused with related genera, necessitating careful examination of genitalic structures for accurate determination.
Habitat
range from very wet to very dry conditions across the Holarctic distribution of the .
Distribution
Holarctic: western Palaearctic Region (four ), eastern Palaearctic Region (one species), and Nearctic Region (one species). Specific records include Spain, the Levant, and Romania (where P. picipes steveni was first recorded in 2022).
Similar Taxa
- NotodermusRestored from synonymy with Procas in 2004; distinguished by morphological characters requiring careful comparison
- ApachiscelusRestored from synonymy with Procas in 2004; related requiring differentiation through structural examination
- TheanellusClosely related that received multiple transferred from Procas in 2004 revision
More Details
Taxonomic history
The has undergone significant revision, with Notodermus and Apachiscelus restored from synonymy and multiple new combinations established in related genera. Theanellus was synonymized with Syrdariellia, and several Procas were transferred to Theanellus.
Species diversity
Six currently recognized: P. armillatus, P. picipes (with picipes and steveni), P. picipes levantinus, P. michaelis, plus one eastern Palaearctic and one Nearctic species.
Sources and further reading
- BugGuide
- Wikipedia
- GBIF taxonomy match
- iNaturalist taxon
- NCBI Taxonomy
- Catalogue of Life
- PROCAS: Profiles of Care System
- Procas (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) – a new genus for the Romanian entomofauna
- A revision of the weevil genus Procas Stephens (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Erirhinidae)
- Young adulthood body mass index, adult weight gain and breast cancer risk: the PROCAS Study (United Kingdom)
- Age at First Pregnancy, Adult Weight Gain and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk: The PROCAS Study (United Kingdom)
- Health-related Quality of Life in long-term Prostate Cancer Survivors after Nerve-Sparing and Non-Nerve-Sparing Radical Prostatectomy – Results from the multiregional PROCAS study
- Identifying classes of the pain, fatigue, and depression symptom cluster in long-term prostate cancer survivors—results from the multi-regional Prostate Cancer Survivorship Study in Switzerland (PROCAS)