Sap-feeding Beetles
Nitidulidae
Classification
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Subphylum: Hexapoda
- Class: Insecta
- Order: Coleoptera
- Suborder: Polyphaga
- Superfamily: Cucujoidea
- Family: Nitidulidae
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Nitidulidae: //nɪˈtɪd.jʊ.lɪˌdeɪ//
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Images
Summary
Nitidulidae, commonly known as sap-feeding beetles, comprise a diverse family of small beetles that feed primarily on decaying plant matter, sap, and fruits. They are significant for their ecological roles in decomposition and specified interactions with fungi and other insects.
Physical Characteristics
Small (2–6 mm), ovoid, usually dull-coloured beetles, with knobbed antennae. Some species may have red or yellow spots or bands.
Identification Tips
Look for small, ovoid beetles with knobbed antennae. Colors are generally dull but some show distinct markings.
Habitat
Associated with decaying vegetable matter, over-ripe fruit, sap, and various fungi species. They thrive in habitats of coniferous trees and are found in diverse environments including bee nests, ant nests, and near carrion.
Distribution
Approximately 4500 species worldwide, with around 170 species in the described area. Found in Europe, Siberia, as well as regions such as Brazil.
Diet
Feed primarily on decaying vegetable matter, sap, and over-ripe fruit. Some species are also associated with fungi and may feed on insects such as scale insects.
Ecosystem Role
Some larvae of certain nitidulid genera prey on bark beetle larvae. They also play important roles in decomposition and nutrient cycling by feeding on decaying materials.
Economic Impact
Some species, like the strawberry sap beetle, infest crops and are considered pests, particularly in agricultural regions such as Brazil.
Collecting Methods
- Hand collecting in fruiting areas
- Using traps baited with decaying fruit or sap
Preservation Methods
- Ethanol preservation
- Drying and storing in a cool, dry place
Evolution
The oldest unambiguous fossils date to the Early Cretaceous, belonging to the genus Crepuraea from the Aptian aged Zaza Formation of Russia.
Misconceptions
Many people confuse sap beetles with other small beetles due to their size and color. Some may assume all related beetles are pests, overlooking their ecological roles in decomposition.
Tags
- beetles
- Nitidulidae
- sap feeding
- ecological role
- pests