Necrobia

Latreille, 1797

Ham Beetles

Necrobia is a of in the , commonly known as ham . Unlike most clerids, which are predatory, Necrobia are carrion-feeders and significant pests of stored animal products. The genus has a distribution and includes species frequently encountered on dried meat, fish, and museum specimens.

Necrobia rufipes by (c) Henrik Kibak, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Henrik Kibak. Used under a CC-BY license.Necrobia violacea by (c) Mario Bassini, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Mario Bassini. Used under a CC-BY license.Necrobia violacea by (c) Katja Schulz, some rights reserved (CC BY), uploaded by Katja Schulz. Used under a CC-BY license.

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Necrobia: /nɛˈkroʊbiə/

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Identification

Necrobia are distinguished from other by their small size (4–7 mm), metallic or green coloration, and association with dried animal matter rather than live . N. rufipes has characteristic red legs and , while N. violacea is uniformly metallic blue. The differs from predatory clerids by its scavenging habits and from by its more elongate body form and smoother .

Images

Habitat

Stored products and dried substrates, particularly -rich materials including dried or smoked fish, cured meats, dried black products, and museum specimens. Also found on carrion in advanced stages of desiccation.

Distribution

; reported from North America, Europe (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), Africa (Kenya), and other regions worldwide.

Diet

Dried animal products including dried or smoked fish, cured meats, dried black , and other -rich substrates. and larvae feed on carrion in late stages of decomposition.

Host Associations

  • Hermetia illucens - consumerdried black
  • dried fish - consumersmoked or dried fish products
  • meat products - consumercured and dried meats

Behavior

Co-occurs with other pests such as Tribolium castaneum on dried black products. are active on the surface of infested materials and are attracted to -rich substrates.

Ecological Role

of dried animal matter; significant pest in food and museum contexts causing qualitative and quantitative economic losses. Potential for pathogenic microbes including Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

Human Relevance

Major pest of stored animal products including dried fish, cured meats, and -based products. Problematic in museums and taxidermy businesses due to damage to dried specimens. Emerging pest in the black value chain.

Similar Taxa

  • DermestidaeAlso feed on dried animal products, but have more rounded bodies, clubbed , and often patterned or hairy ; Necrobia has more elongate form and smooth metallic elytra.
  • TrogidaeAlso occur on dried carrion, but are larger, rough-textured, and cryptically colored rather than metallic; play dead when disturbed.

More Details

Mitochondrial genome

N. rufipes has a complete mitochondrial of 15,255 with typical features: 13 -coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 21 tRNA genes, and an AT-rich region.

Gut microbiome

N. rufipes microbiome is dominated by Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, with Klebsiella (14.2%), Synechococcus (11.4%), and Escherichia (11.3%) as most abundant . The has lower representation but higher Shannon diversity compared to Tribolium castaneum.

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Sources and further reading