Hepatidae

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Hepatidae: /hɪˈpeɪtɪdiː/

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Summary

Acanthuridae, commonly known as surgeonfishes, tangs, and unicornfishes, represent a diverse family of brightly colored marine fish primarily found in tropical coral reef ecosystems, known for their unique scalpel-like scales and algae-grazing habits.

Physical Characteristics

The family Acanthuridae is characterized by scalpel-like modified scales that are sharp and can cause injury. They have large dorsal, anal, and caudal fins and a small mouth with a single row of teeth adapted for grazing on algae. Most species range from 15 to 40 cm in length, with some larger species such as Naso annulatus reaching up to 1 m.

Identification Tips

The distinguishing feature for Acanthuridae is the presence of one or more sharp scalpel-like spines on either side of the caudal peduncle. Their coloration is often bright, making them easily identifiable in the marine environment.

Habitat

Acanthuridae are found in tropical seas, typically around coral reefs.

Distribution

The family Acanthuridae includes about 86 extant species that inhabit tropical marine environments around the globe.

Diet

Acanthurids primarily graze on macroalgae from genera such as Caulerpa and Gracilaria. They have also been observed consuming meat-based fish foods in aquarium settings.

Life Cycle

The larval stage, known as an acronurus, is distinct in morphology from juvenile and adult forms; it is mostly transparent and inhabits open water before settling on the ocean bottom where it matures.

Ecosystem Role

Acanthurids play a role in controlling algae growth on coral reefs, which helps maintain the ecological balance of these environments.

Economic Impact

Acanthurids are popular in aquaria due to their vibrant colors and feeding habits, influencing aquarium trade and marine biology education.

Cultural Significance

Certain species, like the Pacific blue tang, have gained cultural significance through popular media, such as the movie "Finding Nemo."

Health Concerns

Tangs can be sensitive to disease in aquarium setups; proper maintenance and quarantining are recommended to prevent health issues.

Evolution

Fossils of extinct genera from the Eocene to Miocene indicate a long evolutionary history, with many genera known from different geological periods.

Similar Taxa

• Surgeonfish
• Tangs
• Unicornfishes

Misconceptions

Acanthurids are sometimes wrongly perceived as aggressive despite their primarily grazing diet and social behavior in schools.

Tags

• marine biology
• coral reefs
• algae grazers