RFLP

Definition

A molecular technique that detects variation in DNA sequences by comparing the lengths of fragments produced when DNA is cut with restriction enzymes. Variation occurs when mutations create or abolish restriction sites, yielding fragments of different sizes that are separated by gel electrophoresis. The term may refer to the polymorphism itself or to the laboratory method used to reveal it.

Etymology

Acronym of restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Example

RFLP analysis of mitochondrial DNA has been used to distinguish cryptic species of bark beetles (Scolytinae) and to trace the geographic spread of invasive populations.

Synonyms

• restriction fragment length polymorphism

Related Terms

• PCR
• DNA barcoding
• microsatellite
• Genetic marker
• restriction enzyme
• Gel electrophoresis
• SNP
• population genetics
• phylogeography

Usage Notes

As a technique, RFLP has been largely supplanted by PCR-based methods and sequencing in many applications, but remains relevant for specific diagnostic purposes and historical datasets. Specialists distinguish between RFLP as a class of genetic marker and Southern blotting, the specific membrane-based technique historically used to visualize these fragments. In arthropod studies, RFLPs of ribosomal or mitochondrial genes are commonly employed for species-level diagnostics when morphological characters are ambiguous.