Acid-precipitation

Guides

• Paracapnia angulata

  angulate snowfly

  Paracapnia angulata is a small winter stonefly in the family Capniidae. The species occurs in headwater streams across eastern North America, with documented populations in Appalachian streams affected by acid precipitation. Research indicates it tolerates a wide pH range (4.5–7.5) and can achieve high secondary production in acidic conditions due to increased abundance and biomass, despite lower individual growth rates. Nymphs serve as prey for steelhead trout.

  PlecopteraCapniidaewinter-stoneflyacid-precipitationAppalachian-streamsaquatic-insectacid-tolerancesecondary-productionsteelhead-trout-prey