Perlodid Stoneflies
Perlodidae
Classification
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Subphylum: Hexapoda
- Class: Insecta
- Order: Plecoptera
- Superfamily: Perloidea
- Family: Perlodidae
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Perlodidae: //pɛrˈloʊdɪˌdeɪ//
These audio files are automatically generated. While they are not always 100% accurate, they are a good starting point.
Images
Summary
The Perlodidae family, known as perlodid stoneflies, includes over 350 species and is characterized by their flattened larval bodies and diverse freshwater habitat preferences. They are typically predators and play a significant role in aquatic ecosystems.
Physical Characteristics
Adults usually 10-15 mm (up to 25 mm); nymphs have flattened bodies, long tails, and divergent hind wing pads; larvae are considered to be clingers with a wide stance for gripping substrates.
Identification Tips
Unlike common stoneflies, perlodid larvae do not have branching gills on their thoraces. Look for patterns on their heads and thoraces.
Habitat
Found in cool, clear streams with rocky bottoms and under rocks; larvae inhabit flowing streams or pools containing sediments, vascular plants, and detritus.
Distribution
Holarctic region and Oriental; throughout North America with greater species diversity in mountainous areas of the northern United States and southern Canada.
Diet
Nymphs are predators that prey on small aquatic invertebrates; some adults feed on pollen; some larvae also eat plant matter, especially when young.
Life Cycle
Most perlodid stoneflies are univoltine, with one generation per year; adults typically emerge from April to June.
Reproduction
Adult females lay eggs, often undergoing diapause during warmer months to inhabit temporary seeps or streams.
Ecosystem Role
Predators in aquatic ecosystems; some identification as scrapers and collector-gatherers among larvae.
Collecting Methods
- Sampling with a net in cool streams
- Collecting under rocks in habitats
Preservation Methods
- Ethanol storage
- Drying specimens
Evolution
Fossil records extend at least back to the Triassic period; evolutionary history includes adaptation to various freshwater habitats.
Tags
- Perlodidae
- Stoneflies
- Aquatic Invertebrates
- Freshwater Ecology