Sematurinae

Coronidia is distinguished by the iridescent blue band on the hindwing. Homidiana is identified by pink, orange, or yellow markings, particularly in females. Mania is recognized by its large size, brown coloration, tailed hindwings, and prominent eyespots. The genera Anurapteryx and Lonchotura are provisionally placed in this subfamily but their classification requires further investigation. Anurapteryx crenulata is the only species reaching the subtropics of Arizona.

Primarily tropical forest habitats in the Neotropics. Larvae of Coronidia orithea are associated with mistletoe host plants. Pupation occurs on the ground among debris.

Neotropical region. One species, Anurapteryx crenulata, extends to the subtropics of Arizona, USA.

Coronidia orithea larvae feed on mistletoes (Viscaceae: Phoradendron quadrangulare). Homidiana subpicta larvae feed on plants from multiple families: Araliaceae (Oreopanax), Gesneriaceae, Piperaceae (Piper), Primulaceae (Ardisia, Myrsine), Solanaceae (Solanum), Onagraceae (Ludwigia), and Theophrastaceae (Clavija). Mania larvae have been reared on Pentaclethra macroloba (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) and Syzygium longifolium (Myrtaceae).

• Phoradendron quadrangulare - larval food plantViscaceae; known host for Coronidia orithea
• Oreopanax - larval food plantAraliaceae; known host for Homidiana subpicta
• Piper - larval food plantPiperaceae; known host for Homidiana subpicta
• Ardisia - larval food plantPrimulaceae; known host for Homidiana subpicta
• Myrsine - larval food plantPrimulaceae; known host for Homidiana subpicta
• Solanum - larval food plantSolanaceae; known host for Homidiana subpicta
• Ludwigia - larval food plantOnagraceae; known host for Homidiana subpicta
• Clavija - larval food plantTheophrastaceae; known host for Homidiana subpicta
• Pentaclethra macroloba - larval food plantFabaceae: Mimosoideae; host for Mania
• Syzygium longifolium - larval food plantMyrtaceae; host for Mania

Eggs are upright and high with vertical and finer transverse ribs. Larvae of known species exhibit either spiny (Homidiana) or smooth camouflaged (Coronidia, Mania) morphologies. Pupation occurs on the ground among debris, similar to some Uraniidae.

Adult flight activity varies by genus: some are day-flying, others night-flying. Adults rest with wings outspread. Larvae of Coronidia orithea display defensive mimicry resembling lichen-covered twigs with false eyes that mimic a predatory spider.

Larvae function as herbivores on diverse plant families including mistletoes, suggesting potential roles in plant population dynamics. The specialized larval camouflage and mimicry indicate complex predator-prey interactions.

• UraniidaeShares ground pupation behavior; historically confused with Sematuridae in classification
• LyssaMania species superficially resemble this genus in large size, brown coloration, and tailed hindwings

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