Carpenter and Leopard Moths

Cossidae

Classification

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Cossidae: //ˈkɒsɪˌdiː//

These audio files are automatically generated. While they are not always 100% accurate, they are a good starting point.

Images

Hypopta theodori by the Smithsonian. Used under a CC0 license.
Givira carla by the Smithsonian. Used under a CC0 license.
Givira delindae by the Smithsonian. Used under a CC0 license.
Givira francesca by the Smithsonian. Used under a CC0 license.
Givira carla by the Smithsonian. Used under a CC0 license.
Hypopta manfredi by the Smithsonian. Used under a CC0 license.

Summary

The Cossidae family, also known as carpenter and goat moths, consists of large nocturnal moths and their larvae which bore into trees. They are globally distributed, with distinct characteristics that allow them to mimic their surroundings. Many species have significant ecological and economic roles.

Physical Characteristics

Wingspan 20-70 mm, mostly grey with a few having long, narrow wings. Large markings at the tip of forewings in flight, resembling broken twigs at rest.

Identification Tips

Look for large marking at the tip of forewings; resemble hawkmoths; twig, bark, or leaf mimics.

Habitat

Found worldwide in various habitats; larvae (caterpillars) bore into wood.

Distribution

Over 110 genera and almost 700 known species, found worldwide except Southeast Asia for the subfamily Ratardinae

Diet

Larvae bore wood and require a low nitrogen, high carbon diet, which contributes to their long life spans (1-4 years).

Life Cycle

Most cossid caterpillars take up to three years to mature; they pupate within their tunnels, often through two distinct life stages as caterpillar and moth.

Ecosystem Role

As tree borers, they play a role in wood decomposition and nutrient cycling in their ecosystems.

Economic Impact

Some species, like the carpenter worm and goat moth, are considered pests, whereas caterpillars of certain species (e.g., Witchetty grubs, butterworms) are harvested for food.

Cultural Significance

Witchetty grubs are considered bush tucker in Australia; butterworms are traded for pet food and fishing bait.

Evolution

The taxonomy has evolved with the description of numerous new subfamilies; previously included several genera that are now classified under different families.

Similar Taxa

Misconceptions

Often mistaken for hawkmoths due to their appearance; some genera were misclassified under Cossidae erroneously in the past.

Tags

  • Cossidae
  • Carpenter Moths
  • Goat Moths
  • Lepidoptera