Smerinthinae
Eyed hawkmoths
Smerinthinae is a of hawkmoths () characterized by with reduced, non-functional mouthparts. Adults do not feed and rely entirely on larval energy reserves. The subfamily includes three tribes: Ambulycini, Smerinthini, and Sphingulini. Many display prominent patterns on the used in defensive displays.
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Smerinthinae: //smɛˈrɪnθɪniː//
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Identification
distinguished from other by or absent , preventing feeding. often bear large, conspicuous () that are exposed when are raised during disturbance. Forewings typically cryptically colored; body with relatively short, broad compared to some other hawkmoth .
Images
Distribution
distribution with representatives on all continents except Antarctica. Particularly diverse in the Palearctic and Nearctic regions.
Life Cycle
with , , , and stages. Larvae feed on plants; adults emerge with non-functional mouthparts and do not feed. occurs in soil or leaf litter.
Behavior
are known to produce startle displays by raising to expose when disturbed, potentially deterring . Adults do not feed; activity patterns vary by .
Ecological Role
function as on various . serve as for birds, bats, and other ; their displays contribute to -prey dynamics.
Human Relevance
of some occasionally defoliate ornamental trees and shrubs, though generally not considered major economic pests. are frequently observed and photographed due to their striking appearance.
Similar Taxa
- Macroglossinae possess fully functional and feed on nectar; lack prominent defensive on .
- Sphinginae have functional mouthparts for feeding; generally lack the conspicuous characteristic of many Smerinthinae.