Smerinthinae
Eyed hawkmoths
Tribe Guides
1Smerinthinae is a of hawkmoths (Sphingidae) characterized by with reduced, non-functional mouthparts. Adults do not feed and rely entirely on larval energy reserves. The subfamily includes three tribes: Ambulycini, Smerinthini, and Sphingulini. Many display prominent eyespot patterns on the hindwings used in defensive displays.
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Smerinthinae: //smɛˈrɪnθɪniː//
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Identification
distinguished from other Sphingidae by or absent , preventing feeding. Hindwings often bear large, conspicuous eyespots (ocelli) that are exposed when forewings are raised during disturbance. Forewings typically cryptically colored; body robust with relatively short, broad wings compared to some other hawkmoth .
Images
Distribution
distribution with representatives on all continents except Antarctica. Particularly diverse in the Palearctic and Nearctic regions.
Life Cycle
Complete with , larva, pupa, and stages. Larvae feed on plants; adults emerge with non-functional mouthparts and do not feed. occurs in soil or leaf litter.
Behavior
are known to produce startle displays by raising forewings to expose hindwing eyespots when disturbed, potentially deterring . Adults do not feed; activity patterns vary by .
Ecological Role
Larvae function as herbivores on various woody plants. serve as prey for birds, bats, and other ; their eyespot displays contribute to -prey dynamics.
Human Relevance
Larvae of some occasionally defoliate ornamental trees and shrubs, though generally not considered major economic pests. are frequently observed and photographed due to their striking appearance.
Similar Taxa
- Macroglossinae possess fully functional and feed on nectar; lack prominent defensive eyespots on hindwings.
- Sphinginae have functional mouthparts for feeding; generally lack the conspicuous hindwing eyespots characteristic of many Smerinthinae.