Ceratina arizonensis

Cockerell, 1898

Arizona Small Carpenter, Arizona Ceratina

Ceratina arizonensis is a small in the , first described by Cockerell in 1898. It is one of numerous Ceratina to North and Central America. Like other small carpenter bees, it is a solitary that nests in pithy stems rather than excavating wood like its larger relatives in Xylocopa. The species has been documented as a of multiple flowering species in field studies.

Ceratina arizonensis by no rights reserved, uploaded by Jesse Rorabaugh. Used under a CC0 license.

Ceratina arizonensis, side2, ca, santa barbara 2015-04-20-12.16.53 ZS PMax (17029525739) (2) by USGS Bee Inventory and Monitoring Lab from Beltsville, Maryland, USA. Used under a Public domain license.

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Ceratina arizonensis: /ˌsɛrɑˈtiːnə ˌærɪzoʊˈnɛnsɪs/

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Identification

Ceratina arizonensis can be distinguished from the eastern and southern U.S. Polistes exclamans (with which it was once confused taxonomically) by its geographic restriction to Arizona, southern California, and Mexico. Within the Ceratina, species-level identification typically requires examination of subtle morphological characters including facial markings, , and . The small as a group are recognized by their compact, somewhat metallic bodies and relatively sparse compared to other .

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Habitat

Found in arid and semi-arid environments of the southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico. Nests in pithy stems of various plants, a characteristic of the . Has been observed in restored prairie and urban environments in Arizona.

Distribution

North America: southwestern United States (Arizona, southern California); Mexico. Central America: presence recorded but specific countries not detailed in available sources.

Diet

feed on nectar; provisioned with pollen and nectar. Specific records are limited in available sources.

Life Cycle

Solitary nesting biology typical of the : females excavate pithy stems to create linear series of , each provisioned with pollen and nectar before deposition. Developmental stages include egg, , , and . No specific data available for this .

Behavior

Foraging has been observed to vary by flower : when visiting Penstemon digitalis or Monarda fistulosa, individuals tend to visit isolated flowers or show no preference for , but when visiting Eryngium yuccifolium, they prefer denser flower patches. This context-dependent foraging pattern distinguishes them from larger social like .

Ecological Role

Documented as a in global studies of wild contributions to agriculture. Part of the diverse wild bee that provides services; however, like most Ceratina , it is not among the few species that provide the majority of crop pollination services. Contributes to in both natural and restored .

Human Relevance

Valued as a in southwestern . Not known to be aggressive; lacks the wood-excavating habit of large , so does not damage structures. Presence in urban areas (e.g., Tucson) indicates of anthropogenic landscapes.

Similar Taxa

Ceratina spp. (other small carpenter bees)Congeneric share similar size, nesting biology, and general appearance; require detailed morphological examination for separation.
Xylocopa spp. (large carpenter bees)Larger relatives in the same ; distinguished by substantially greater body size and wood-excavating nesting .

More Details

Taxonomic History

Described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1898, a prolific describer of North .

Research Significance

Included in major global analyses of wild contributions to , helping demonstrate that services are concentrated in a small subset of common while rare species contribute to and ecosystem .