Sand-burrowing Mayfly

Behningiidae

Classification

Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Ephemeroptera
Suborder: Furcatergalia
Family: Behningiidae

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Behningiidae: //bɛŋˈniːdʒi.aɪdiː//

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Summary

Behningiidae is a family of mayflies characterized by their unique adaptations for burrowing in sand. They are primarily found in clean sandy substrates of freshwater systems, with a Holarctic distribution. The family includes four genera, with Dolania being the only one found in North America.

Physical Characteristics

Medium-sized to large mayfly; nymphs somewhat flattened and adapted for burrowing in sand; mandibles without tusks; head and prothorax with dorsal pad of long spines on each side; forelegs palplike, middle and hind legs modified as protective devices for gills; gills ventral with the first abdominal segment gill longer than others.

Identification Tips

Look for the unique structure of the gills and the modified legs that protect them; the flattened body shape can also be a distinguishing feature.

Habitat

Mid-sized to large rivers with sand bottoms; nymphs usually found in clean sand.

Distribution

Holarctic; 2 genera in Eurasia and one in North America.

Diet

Nymphs are predators; adults are short-lived and non-feeding.

Life Cycle

North American populations are univoltine.

Ecosystem Role

Nymphs play a role as predators in aquatic ecosystems.

Evolution

Behningiidae is a primitive family within the order Ephemeroptera.