Anomalini
Anomalini
Classification
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Subphylum: Hexapoda
- Class: Insecta
- Order: Coleoptera
- Suborder: Polyphaga
- Superfamily: Scarabaeoidea
- Family: Scarabaeidae
- Subfamily: Rutelinae
- Tribe: Anomalini
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Anomalini: /ˌænəˈmɑːlɪnaɪ/
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Images
Summary
Anomalini is a diverse tribe of shining leaf chafers within the Scarabaeidae family, comprising approximately 1300 species worldwide, with a notable presence in North America. They are primarily herbivorous, feeding on plant leaves and are important ecologically as both herbivores and prey for other species.
Physical Characteristics
Anomalini beetles are characterized by their shiny exoskeleton and varied coloration, which can include metallic hues. They typically have elongate bodies and well-developed antennae.
Identification Tips
Look for shiny leaf chafers, which can often be found in grassy areas. Identification can be made to genus by examining the body shape, size, and the structure of the antennae and elytra.
Habitat
These beetles are commonly found in a range of habitats including grasslands, gardens, and forests where they may be found feeding on leaves.
Distribution
Anomalini are predominantly found throughout North America with a total of around 60 described species in the region, and they are widespread globally with around 2,500 species in total.
Diet
Adults primarily feed on the foliage of various plants, particularly leaves, which can lead to the plant's defoliation in large populations.
Life Cycle
This beetle tribe goes through complete metamorphosis, including distinct egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages.
Reproduction
Female Anomalini usually lay eggs in the soil or on the leaves of host plants, with the larvae feeding on organic matter or plant roots.
Predators
Anomalini beetles may be preyed upon by birds, amphibians, and various predatory insects such as other beetles and spiders.
Ecosystem Role
They play a role in ecosystems as herbivores affecting plant populations and as prey for other animals.
Economic Impact
Some species can be considered pests due to their feeding habits on horticultural and agricultural plants, impacting crop yields and ornamental plants.
Collecting Methods
- Light traps
- Hand collecting in the field
- Sweep netting in vegetation
Preservation Methods
- Pinning
- Alcohol preservation
- Drying and mounting
Evolution
The Anomalini tribe evolved within the Rutelinae subfamily of the Scarabaeidae family, showing adaptations to a range of habitats and feeding strategies. They are believed to have diversified significantly in response to ecological niches in various environments.
Similar Taxa
Misconceptions
Anomalini beetles are often confused with other leaf-feeding beetles but can be distinguished by their shiny appearance and specific morphological traits.
Tags
- Anomalini
- beetles
- Scarabaeidae
- leaf chafers
- Coleoptera
- North America