Higher Termites
Termitidae
Classification
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Subphylum: Hexapoda
- Class: Insecta
- Order: Blattodea
- Superfamily: Blattoidea
- Family: Termitidae
Pronunciation
How to pronounce Termitidae: /tɛrˈmɪtɪˌdeɪ/
These audio files are automatically generated. While they are not always 100% accurate, they are a good starting point.
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Summary
Termitidae, the family of higher termites, is the largest termite family, with a diverse diet and a crucial role in ecosystems as decomposers. They possess a unique digestive system adapted for processing various organic materials without the need for flagellated protozoa.
Physical Characteristics
Imago forewing and hindwing scales either evenly or closely sized and non-overlapping, with a developed suture and strongly sclerotized, reduced veins. Ocelli of imago typically protruding above head capsule. Pronotum of all castes is saddled with a pronounced anterior lobe, and postclypeus of the worker and imago are swollen and protruding from the head capsule.
Identification Tips
Identification includes examining the unique shape and suture of the wings, the saddle-shaped pronotum, and the swollen postclypeus in workers and imagos.
Habitat
Higher termites are important foragers in a variety of habitats, including deserts and areas with significant plant litter, grass, and dung.
Distribution
>2000 spp. worldwide in almost 250 genera; subfamily representation varies by region.
Diet
Diverse diet including wood, grass, leaf litter, fungi, lichen, faeces, humus, and soil; around 60% of species rely on soil-feeding alone.
Life Cycle
Life cycle details are not provided; typically involves stages of egg, nymph, and adult.
Reproduction
Reproduction specifics not provided.
Ecosystem Role
Significant decomposers and recyclers in ecosystems, helping to break down complex organic materials.
Economic Impact
Most species are not known to cause serious structural damage, although some may feed on wood.
Health Concerns
Most higher termites are harmless, but Amitermes species may cause issues due to wood feeding.
Collecting Methods
- Funnel traps
- Soil sampling
- Direct collection from nests
Preservation Methods
- Ethanol preservation
- Drying
- Pinning
Evolution
Higher termites are the most specialized termite group, evolving unique digestive systems that rely mainly on bacteria and archaea rather than protozoa.
Similar Taxa
- Lower termites
- Cockroaches (Blattodea)
Misconceptions
Higher termites often confused with lower termites due to similar appearances, but have different digestive symbionts and feeding habits.
Tags
- termites
- insects
- decomposers
- ecosystem
- higher termites
- Termitidae