Two-pronged Bristletails

Diplura

Classification

Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Class: Diplura

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Diplura: //dɪˈplʊərə//

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Summary

Diplurans are small, wingless, non-insect hexapods characterized by their unique cerci and secretive lifestyle in moist environments. They play an important role in soil ecology as decomposers.

Physical Characteristics

Soft-bodied, elongated, slender; typically 2–50 mm in length, commonly 7–10 mm. One-segmented tarsi, concealed chewing mouthparts, and a pair of cerci at the tip of the abdomen. Absence of eyes and wings, long antennae with 10 or more bead-like segments, and long slender abdomens.

Identification Tips

Diplurans can be identified by their elongated body, absence of eyes, and the characteristic pair of cerci at the end of the abdomen, which may be filamentous or pincer-like.

Habitat

Typically found in moist soil, leaf litter, humus, or under stones, bark, and logs. They are secretive and nocturnal.

Distribution

Found on nearly all land masses, except Antarctica and some oceanic islands.

Diet

Feed on a variety of live prey and dead organic matter. Some species are herbivorous.

Life Cycle

Moulting occurs up to 30 times throughout the estimated life of up to one year. Hatchlings resemble adults but are smaller and lack reproductive organs.

Reproduction

External fertilization; males produce up to 200 spermatophores a week. Females collect these and lay eggs in a cavity in the ground.

Predators

Diplurans may be preyed upon by larger soil-dwelling organisms like other predatory arthropods.

Ecosystem Role

Part of the decomposer community that helps break down and recycle organic nutrients. Their presence can indicate soil quality and anthropogenic impact.

Evolution

The class Diplura was established following the finding that Entognatha is polyphyletic. Fossil records suggest an early dipluran existed in the Carboniferous period.

Similar Taxa

Misconceptions

Diplurans may be confused with earwigs due to their similar-looking cerci, but they are distinct in several anatomical features.