Calanoid copepods

Calanoida

Classification

Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Class: Maxillopoda
Subclass: Copepoda
Order: Calanoida

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Calanoida: /kəˈlænoɪdə/

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Summary

Calanoida is an order of copepods, comprising around 46 families and approximately 1800 species. They are a dominant component of zooplankton in many aquatic environments, playing an integral role in marine and freshwater ecosystems.

Physical Characteristics

Calanoids can be distinguished by having first antennae at least half the length of the body and biramous second antennae. A joint between the fifth and sixth body segments is a distinctive anatomical trait. Most calanoid copepods range from 0.5 to 2.0 mm in length, with the largest specimens reaching up to 18 mm.

Identification Tips

Look for the length of the first antennae relative to the body and a joint between the fifth and sixth body segments.

Habitat

Calanoids inhabit both marine and freshwater environments, predominantly as zooplankton.

Distribution

Calanoids are found globally, comprising 55–95% of plankton samples in various oceanic regions.

Diet

Calanoid copepods primarily feed on phytoplankton and algae, serving as a critical energy source within the aquatic food web.

Life Cycle

The life cycle of calanoid copepods includes several stages, often starting from eggs to nauplii, followed by several copepodite stages before reaching adulthood.

Reproduction

Calanoid copepods typically reproduce sexually; females release eggs into the water column.

Predators

Calanoid copepods serve as prey for a variety of marine organisms, including commercial fish species and baleen whales like bowhead whales, sei whales, right whales, and fin whales.

Ecosystem Role

They play a vital role in aquatic food webs, as they transfer energy from primary producers like phytoplankton to higher trophic levels.

Economic Impact

Calanoid copepods are crucial in supporting commercial fish populations, thereby impacting fisheries and local economies.