Mygalomorphs

Pronunciation

How to pronounce Mygalomorphae: /ˌmɪɡəloʊˈmɔːrfiː/

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Summary

The Mygalomorphae are an infraorder of spiders known for their heavy bodies, stout legs, and distinct anatomical features like two pairs of book lungs and downward-pointing chelicerae. They comprise a significant number of spider species found globally, with notable groups such as tarantulas and trapdoor spiders. Mygalomorphs are powerful predators, rarely harmful to humans, and have complex evolutionary history and taxonomy.

Physical Characteristics

Heavy-bodied and stout-legged spiders, possessing two pairs of book lungs. Most species have eight eyes and large chelicerae and fangs that are parallel to the body axis, with visible 'white patches' on the ventral abdomen in live specimens.

Identification Tips

Distinguished from most North American araneomorphs by two pairs of book lungs; fangs and chelicerae are situated parallel to the body axis.

Habitat

Varied habitats, many species prefer burrows with trapdoor coverings. They are mostly fossorial and live in tubular webs.

Distribution

Over 2,500 species in 280 genera found worldwide in all continents except Antarctica, with eight mygalomorph families present in the US and Canada. Limited occurrence in Europe (12 species).

Diet

Predominantly insectivorous, with some species preying on small mammals, birds, and reptiles. Known for their capacity to adapt to killing large arthropods.

Life Cycle

Mygalomorphs can live up to 25 years or more, often reaching maturity after six years. Some species exhibit long maturation times and can remain dormant for extended periods.

Reproduction

Reproduction methods vary, but often include direct development with females laying eggs that they guard. Some species have very long lifespans, with records of individuals living over 40 years.

Ecosystem Role

As powerful predators, mygalomorphs play significant roles in controlling populations of various arthropods and small vertebrates.

Cultural Significance

Mygalomorphae, especially tarantulas, are significant in some cultures for their appearance and the potential for use in exotic pet trade.

Health Concerns

Generally not harmful to humans, although some, such as Australian funnel-web spiders, can pose risks. Most mygalomorphs do not threaten humans.

Evolution

Mygalomorphae evolved retaining primitive features such as book lungs and have a complicated evolutionary history. Significant changes in classification and family relationships have occurred in recent decades based on phylogenetic studies.

Misconceptions

Despite their fearsome appearance, most mygalomorphs are not aggressive towards humans and are not dangerous.

Tags

• arachnology
• spiders
• Mygalomorphae
• taxonomy
• ecology